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Table 1 Measures of central tendency and variability of the valence and arousal ratings

From: Investigating the roles of age, sex, depression, and anxiety for valence and arousal ratings of words: a population-based study

  Valence Arousal
Median Mean SD Median Mean SD
Unpleasant words
 Schande (shame) 3 3.03 1.85 5 4.98 2.70
 Hass (hate) 2 2.58 2.05 6 5.62 2.83
 Leiche (corpse) 2 2.80 2.03 6 5.38 2.83
 Neid (envy) 2 2.82 1.81 5 4.96 2.66
 Average for unpleasant words 2 2.81 1.66 5 5.23 2.35
Neutral words
 Folie (foil) 5 5.17 1.17 1 2.24 1.82
 Text (text) 5 5.67 1.48 3 3.55 2.32
 Objekt (object) 5 5.29 1.22 2 3.09 2.17
 Agentur (agency) 5 4.93 1.22 2 2.99 2.16
 Average for neutral words 5 5.26 0.82 2 2.96 1.63
Pleasant words
 Lachen (laughter) 9 8.01 1.90 7 5.90 2.50
 Hobby (hobby) 8 7.33 1.96 6 5.28 2.63
 Ferien (holidays) 9 7.88 1.95 7 6.03 2.66
 Genuss (relish) 8 7.52 1.95 6 5.66 2.60
 Average for pleasant words 9 7.68 1.72 6 5.72 2.27
  1. Bipolar valence scale (1 = “very unpleasant”, 5 = “neither unpleasant nor pleasant”, 9 = “very pleasant”). Unipolar arousal scale (1 = “not arousing”, 9 = “very arousing”)